Principles of Electrodynamics

Author:          Zhiming Ou

                     Mattermatics Learning Center

Publisher:    3265 Public Way

ISBN: 978-0-9866371-7-9

Summary

Starting from the common electric phenomena, electrons were discovered, and its behavior was quantized. Human has been using electricity to do many things. Nowadays, without electricity, human cannot live.

Electric phenomena always come together with magnetic phenomena. Maxwell’s 4 famous equations for describing the behavior of electric charge resulted the discovery of electromagnetic waves, include the visible light. Light, electricity, and magnetism are the 3 aspects of one matter particle.

In this book, I summarized the history for the study of electromagnetism, did all the calculations, and solved Maxwell’s equations by my own hands. Completing this, I developed the ideas for making powerful tools such as lasers, highly sensitive detectors, and extending human lifetimes. It really worth the effort.

List of Content

Chapter 1 Electric Charge          4

  • 1 Electric Phenomena 4
  • 2 What is electric charge? 7

J.J. Thomson, Rutherford, Neils Bohr 

How to measure electric charge?     9

  • 3 Behavior of Electrons 10
  • 4 Behavior of Nucleons 16

 

Chapter 2 Electro Chemistry        17

  • 2.1 Redox Reactions 17
  • 2.2 Electrochemical Cells 19
  • 2.3 Electrolysis 21

Faraday's Law of Electrolysis

  • 2.4 Standard Reduction Potentials 24

The Nernst Equation       28

  • 2.5 Batteries 30
  • 2.6 Corrosion 34

 

Chapter 3 Electric Fields         38

  • 3.1 Force Fields 38
  • 3.2 Coulomb’s Law 39
  • 3.3 Electric Current 40
  • 3.4 Electric Flux 35

 

Chapter 4 Electric Circuits       43

  • 4.1 Electric Current 43
  • 4.2 Resistance and Ohm’s Law 45
  • 4.3 Electric Energy and Power 49
  • 4.4 Electric Circuits 50

Kirchhoff's Laws

 

Chapter 5 Magnetic Fields       61

  • 5.1 Magnetic Phenomena 61
  • 5.2 Source of Magnets 62
  • 5.3 Magnetic Force Fields 65
  • 5.4 Magnetic Moment and Torques 69
  • 5.5 Electron-Magnetic Induction 72

Ampere’s Circuit Law with Maxwell’s Addition   72

Faraday’s Law of induction       74

Lenz's Law       77

 

Chapter 6 Maxwell Equations and Electromagnetic Waves

  • 6.1 The Macroscopic Formation of Maxwell’s equations 79
  • 6.2 Solution of the 4 Equations 81
  • 6.3 Electromagnetic Waves 84

 

Chapter 7 Utilizing Electricity        89

  • 7.1 Electric Circuits with Inductors 89

Self-Inductance       90

Energy in a Magnetic Field      91

Oscillating LC Circuits            93

RLC Circuits           95

Mutual Inductances         9698

  • 7.2 Electric Generator and transformer

Direct Current (DC) Generator         100

The Victory of Alternating Current: The Transformer         101

  • 7.3 Electric Motors 104

A simplified electric motor    104

Electromagnetic Relay         105

Electric Bell          106

 

Chapter 8 Particle Physics       109

  • 8.1 Fundamental Particles 110
  • 8.2 The Quark Model 118
  • 8.3 Color Force 121
  • 8.4 Cosmic Connection 123

 

Chapter 9 Quantum Mechanics        127

  • 9.1 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 127
  • 9.2 Wave Functions 128
  • 9.3 Particle Property of Photons 134

Blackbody Radiation and Planck’s Hypothesis      134

The Stefan-Boltzmann Law       136

The Photo-electric Effect         137

The Compton Effect         138

  • 9.4 Dual Nature of Matter 141
  • 9.5 Measuring Light 143